Cityscape 2 Istanbul,Turkey.

A mix of old and new,  as roads now travel through
 the arches of the 4th-century Valens Aqueduct.

More than two thousand twelvemonths pursuing the going of the Greeks, few examples of Istanbul's Greek architecture have outlasted. Perhaps the most large token of the Greek epoch is Maiden over's (Leander's) Tower. Residing on an islet in the Bosphorus just off the glide of skdar, Maiden over's Tower was first built up by the Greeks in 411 BC to guide ships within the pass. Since then, however, the tower has undergone a number of expansions and restorations, furnishing its connection to the Greeks tenuous, and today merely serves as an watching breaker point.



Examples of Roman architecture have tried out themselves to be more undestroyable. Daggers from the Hippodrome of Second Council of Constantinople, sat after the Circus Maximus in Rome, are still visible in Sultanahmet Square. A subdivision of the Valens Aqueduct, fabricated in the late 4th century to transport body of water to the city, stands relatively inviolate over 970 meters (3,200 foot) in the Dame Rebecca West of the Fatih dominion.Similarly, the Walls of Second Council of Constantinople, which were reared in stages well into the Byzantine period of time, are still visible along much of their original 4-mile (6.4 kilometre) course from the Sea of Marmara to the Golden Horn.Finally, the Pillar of Constantine, reared in 330 AD to mark the new Roman capital, still suffers not far from the Hippodrome.

Ayasofya

Too soon Byzantine architecture pursued the definitive Roman model of domes and arches, but further ameliorated these architectural constructs, as in the Christian church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus. The oldest pulling through Byzantine church in Istanbul (albeit part in ruinations) is the Stoudios (mrahor) Monastery, which was built in 454. Other extant anatomical structures from the early Byzantine period include the Hagia Irene, ab initio the first Christian church in the new working capital, and the Prison house of Anemas, which was integrated into the city bulwarks. After the retake of Second Council of Constantinople in 1261, the Byzantines made two of their most significant christian churches, Chora Church and Pammakaristos Church. Across the Golden Horn, the Genoese lent Galata Tower, then the highest point in the citadel of Galata. Still, the tiptop of Byzantine architecture, and one of Istanbul's most iconic bodily structures, is the Hagia Sophia. Topped off by a dome 31 meters (102 foot) in diam, the Hagia Sofia endured as the largest cathe.

Among the oldest extant examples of Footrest architecture in Istanbul are the Anadoluhisar and Rumelihisar forts, which helped close up sea traffic trained at aiding the Byzantines during the Turkish besieging of the city. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans proceeded to make an unerasable stamp on the visible horizon of Istanbul, building up hulking mosques and ornate palaces. These grand majestic mosques include Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), Sleymaniye Mosque, and Yeni Mosque, all of which were constructed at the summit of the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th and 17th 100s. 

Dolmabahçe Palace, an example of the Ottoman Baroque architecture.

In the pursuing centuries, and especially after the Tanzimat reforms, Pouffe architecture was replaced by European styles. In contrast to the traditional elements of Topkap Palace and the mosques on the historic peninsula, Dolmabahe Palace, Yldz Palace, and Ortaky Mosque in Beikta, and Beylerbeyi Palace across the Bosphorus in skdar are clearly of Neo-Baroque style. At the same time, the areas around stiklal Avenue were filled with la di da European embassies and rows of edifices in European (mostly Neoclassical and, later, Art Nouveau) expressive style started to appear along the boulevard. Istanbul was one of the major midpoints of the Art Nouveau move in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, with notable designers of this expressive style edifice palaces and mansion houses in the city.